The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR)

A Biodiversity Treasure Explore the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, where life thrives in the heart of the Western Ghats.

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

Nature’s Wonderland

Explore the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a sprawling sanctuary spanning across three Indian states, nurturing a multitude of unique species and ecosystems.

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The Nilgiri Biosphere is the home of many wild animals, birds, and reptiles. UNESCO has identified this and recognized it as the first and foremost biosphere reserve in the year 1986 under The Man and Biosphere Programme. It also has a rich ethnic heritage, rich in flora and fauna. The physical beauty and astonishing wonders call for our immediate attention. The Nilgiris is also the life-sustaining source for the plains as it is a perennial source of water.

The Nilgiris stands as a rich, diverse sanctuary, stretching over three Indian states and cradling countless species.

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The reserve is located in the Western Ghats of Southern India. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is spread over the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka. The reserve extends from the tropical moist forests of the windward slopes of the Western Ghats to the tropical dry forests on the leeward eastern slopes, which include Mudumalai, Bandipur, Nagarhole, Wayanad, and Silent valley. The Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu is a central focal point and is deemed the manipulation zone in the overall bio-region. The fascinating ecosystem of the mountain ranges of Nilgiris and its surrounding environment covers a very large forest. It includes part of two of the ten biogeographical provinces of India: the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. A wide range of ecosystems and species diversity is found in this region.

The total area of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is 5,520.4 sq. km. It is located between latitude 10°45′ – 12°15′ N and longitude 76° – 77°15′ E. The annual rainfall of the reserve ranges from 500 mm to 7000 mm with temperature ranging from 0°C during winter to 41°C during summer. The altitude ranges from 250 m to 2,600 m. Huge variations in rainfall, temperature, and altitude, wide diurnal range of temperature, and high intensity of solar radiation over a short area cause variation in vegetation types.